The obstinate audience caught my attention when reading this section in chapter 26. The section focused on the fact that the audience does not always interpret the ideology that the media presents. According to Griffin (2009), “there are three decoding options to obstinate audiences and they are as follows: operating inside the dominate code, applying a negotiable code, and substituting an oppositional code” (p. 342). The one that made the most sense is substituting an oppositional code. I am currently reading a book titled Muhajababes by Allegra Stratton. The book focuses on the very definition of this code, “the audience sees through the establishment bias in the media presentation and mounts an organized effort to demythologize the news. In Muhajababes the youth of Middle Eastern Countries are beginning to engage in a cultural identity of their own and are making efforts to produce their own media to counter that which is being viewed.