Aristotle’s theory of pathos, found in chapter 21, is intriguing. The fact that theory came about 2300 years ago is amazing. The theories consist of anger versus, mildness, love or friendship versus hatred, fear versus confidence, shame versus shamelessness, indignation versus pity, and admiration versus envy. When I read over the catalogue of opposite feelings, they are true to this day. For instance, love or friendship versus hatred is defined, “consistent with present-day research on attraction, Aristotle considered similarity the key to mutual warmth. The speaker should point out common goals, experiences, attitudes, and desires. In the absence of these positive forces, a common enemy can be used to create solidarity” (Griffin, 2009, p. 284). I experience this at work, at school, and life. The last sentence about common enemies used to create solidarity is so true at work. There have been numerous budget cuts yet they continue to hire administrative positions. The classified staff has found solidarity in our common enemy administrators.
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What's interesting about Aristotle's work in pathos is that he believed emotional proof really wasn't proof at all. He favored rational, logical evidence combined with speaker credibility (ethos). As Griffin points out, "Recent research suggests that Aristotle was quite skeptical about the emotional-laden public oratory typical of his era" (p. 283). Today, audience members expect speakers to show some emotion, but not too much, and use some emotional appeals, but not go overboard. Still, emotions can be tremendous motivators, especially in the moment. And you certainly found that emotions provided a bond for the members of your organization.
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